The idea of exploitation is centrally important in Marx. For Elster, the importance of exploitation in Marxism is two fold. First: the presence of exploitation in a society provides a ground for normative criticism that exploitation is wrong and exploiters are morally condemnable and hence, it ought to be abolished. Secondly: exploitation can provide the exploited with a ground for taking individual or collective action against the system and therefore enters into the explanation of such action. That is, Marx's