The global lighting market is currently undergoing fundamental change. Regulatory changes are speeding up development and the introduction of solid-state lighting products (SSL), whilst the demand for traditional products is falling. In Parallel the falling prices for LED components and products, particularly in the field of general illumination, have increased the attraction of more widespread use in many market segments. Also too light management solutions.
OSRAM is a strong and well-established global brand with good market access and is the number two amongst global players in the lighting market. To prove its brand promise for innovation and quality, OSRAM plans to make use of this superb starting point to successfully launch the right products and solutions for its customers onto the market.
We are already successfully part of the above-mentioned technological change. This is shown by the fact that, in the 2013 financial year, we were able to increase the share of the innovation-driven SSL business in our overall turnover to nearly 29%. We intend continuing with this trend towards solid-state lighting in the future and expanding our leading position in the changeover to LED technology.
The Company
OSRAM is designing the future of light. Our innovative, tailor-made solutions for the entire spectrum of lighting create added value for our customers all around the world. As the only globally-active pure lighting corporation and with a strong brand, we are the leading player in the market and set standards in our industry. We improve the quality of life for our customers.
Our product range includes vertically-integrated products and solutions along the entire value chain, from light sources - including lamps, components, and optical semiconductors - through control gear and other illumination components to complete luminaires, light management systems, and lighting solutions, as well as added value services.
An Architect in Bangladesh: Conversations with Muriktrul Islam is a window to modern culture in Bangladesh. and the place of architecture in it in the views of the foremost architect of the country: Muzharul Islam (1923-20(2). in the sense of a Bengali modernity could be transferred into the dynamic personality and output of a single person, unequivocally it has to be Muzharul Islam. Immersed in architecture culture and politics, Islam's role was decisive in forming and developing a progressive, modernist ethos from the 1950s onward.
Originally conducted in 1992 with a group of young architects than the conversation in the book testifies to Muzharul Islam's deeply kit thoughts on architecture, art, culture, and politics. Spanning five decades, topics of the conversation describe the evolution of a Bengali modernity, and provide insights into contemporary architectural and political panorama, including its promises and anxieties.
Despite his immense influence on the architectural culture of Bangladesh, and his close interaction with the literary, artistic and political giants of the country, there are few documents on Muzharul Islam's thoughts and views. Muzharul Islam had a clear vision, and spoke often but wrote little," Shamsul Wares notes in the preface. "This book will remain an authentic source for those who care about Muzharul Islam the man and his ideas."
The author presents rich and imaginative discussions of these channels, explaining which were favored during the Modern and Postmodern movements and clarifying his theoretical analyses through the use of many vivid examples, tables, and illustrations. Included among the examples in the volume are many distinguished projects and theories by a wide range of noted architects such as Asplund, Aalto, Utzon, Pikionis, Barragan, Pietila, Predock, and Legorreta, who are latecomers to the attention of the media"
This book provides a comprehensive critical overview of the work of Frank Lloyd Wright, one of the great masters of modern architecture. Beautifully illustrated with a wealth of photographs of many of Wright's best-known buildings, Frock Lloyd Wright explores the key themes in the architect's work, presenting the consistent and systematic qualities that underlie all of his designs. Robert McCarter's text analyses Wright's work chronologically, emphasizing key designs and works relating to them, in parallel to an examination of several predominant themes active in Wright's design work, and singled out by Wright as being of fundamental importance in his understanding of architecture. The themes of space and the spatial experience of the user are thus examined, alongside a discussion of the construction and a coherent tectonic order, and an investigation of the relationship between Wright's architecture and the landscape. An extensive selection of archival drawings and photographs, clear redrawn plans and color photographs, together with a complete chronology of Wright's buildings and projects, compiled by Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer, Director of the Frank Lloyd Wright Archives, make this hook an indispensable reference work of this renowned architect.
Incorporating many recent changes and new developments in the planning and design of single-family dwellings, apartments, housing complexes, and neighborhoods, the second edition of this authoritative volume in McGraw-Hill's acclaimed Time-Saver Standards series continues to offer design professionals access to a unique databank of design standards and criteria for creating more functional and livable environments. In superb graphic detail - with hundreds of plans, illustrations, and diagrams - this comprehensive one-volume resource presents.
This book is intended as a textbook for students, as a reference work for practitioners and as an aid for their clients - investors, administrators and politicians. It is the result of the joint efforts of its authors, their fellow teachers and several generations of students who used successive drafts, recorded their reactions and experiences and provided material for revision and rewriting.
Scenery and landscape are two ideas which carry strong emotional associations. Many people are unable or unwilling to rationalise their feelings for these things. It is unfortunate that even professionals may plead guilty on occasion to the charge of so-called subjectivity.
Presents terminologies and key concepts of basic graph theory in a clear and understandable way with illustrative examples
Proofs are presented with details and illustrations for easy understanding
Includes special classes of graphs like outerplanar graphs, chordal graphs, and series-parallel graphs, and some research topics for further advanced study
Graph Theory has recently emerged as a subject in its own right, as well as being an important mathematical tool in such diverse subjects as operational research, chemistry, sociology and genetics. Robin Wilson's book has been widely used as a text for undergraduate courses in mathematics, computer science and economics, and as a readable introduction to the subject for non-mathematicians.
The opening chapters provide a basic foundation course, containing such topics as trees, algorithms, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, planar graphs and colouring, with special reference to the four-colour theorem. Following these, there are two chapters on directed graphs and transversal theory, relating these areas to such subjects as Markov chains and network flows. Finally, there is a chapter on matroid theory, which is used to consolidate some of the material from earlier chapters.
For this new edition, the text has been completely revised, and there is a full range of exercises of varying difficulty. There is new material on algorithms, tree-searches, and graph-theoretical puzzles. Full solutions are provided for many of the exercises.
Robin Wilson is Dean and Director of Studies in the Faculty of Mathematics and Computing at the Open University.
For undergraduate or graduate courses in Graph Theory in departments of mathematics or computer science. This text offers a comprehensive and coherent introduction to the fundamental topics of graph theory. It includes basic algorithms and emphasizes the understanding and writing of proofs about graphs. Thought-provoking examples and exercises develop a thorough understanding of the structure of graphs and the techniques used to analyze problems. The first seven chapters form the basic course, with advanced material in Chapter 8.
Algorithm Design introduces algorithms by looking at the real-world problems that motivate them. The book teaches students a range of design and analysis techniques for problems that arise in computing applications. The text encourages an understanding of the algorithm design process and an appreciation of the role of algorithms in the broader field of computer science.
The world's most infamous hacker offers an insider's view of thelow-tech threats to high-tech security Kevin Mitnick's exploits as a cyber-desperado and fugitive form oneof the most exhaustive FBI manhunts in history and have spawned dozens of articles, books, films, and documentaries. Since his release from federal prison, in 1998, Mitnick has turned his life around and established himself as one of the most sought-after computer security experts worldwide. Now, in The Art of Deception,the world's most notorious hacker gives new meaning to the old adage, "It takes a thief to catch a thief."
Focusing on the human factors involved with information security,Mitnick explains why all the firewalls and encryption protocols in the world will never be enough to stop a savvy grifter intent on rifling a corporate database or an irate employee determined to crash a system.
This book is designed for use as a supplement to all current standard texts or as a textbook for a formal course in Complex Variable Theory and applications. It should also be of considerable value to those taking courses in mathematics, physics, aerodynamics, elasticity or any of the numerous other fields in which complex variable methods are employed.
A significant revision of a best-selling text for the introductory digital signal processing course. This book presents the fundamentals of discrete-time signals, systems, and modern digital processing and applications for students in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science.The book is suitable for either a one-semester or a two-semester undergraduate level course in discrete systems and digital signal processing. It is also intended for use in a one-semester first-year graduate-level course in digital signal processing.
By applying universal rules of software architecture, you can dramatically improve developer productivity throughout the life of any software system. Now, building upon the success of his best-selling books Clean Code and The Clean Coder, legendary software craftsman Robert C. Martin (“Uncle Bob”) reveals those rules and helps you apply them.
Martin’s Clean Architecture doesn’t merely present options. Drawing on over a half-century of experience in software environments of every imaginable type, Martin tells you what choices to make and why they are critical to your success. As you’ve come to expect from Uncle Bob, this book is packed with direct, no-nonsense solutions for the real challenges you’ll face—the ones that will make or break your projects.
This publication focuses on the impact of tariff orders (distribution) issued by nine SERCs (state electricity regulatory commissions) in India during 2003/04, 2004/05, and 2005/06. The states covered are Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Delhi, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal. The analysis has been undertaken based on data and information available up to January 2007. The book assesses whether the orders have resulted in reducing regulatory uncertainty and information asymmetry, and led to better performance of the distribution utilities. Different indicators have been used to assess the impact on consumption and access, efficiency, financial performance, competition, and consumer-related issues in the power sector of these states. In addition, various parameters have been studied to assess whether the regulatory systems follow the principles of good regulation in these nine states. br> The commercial loss (without subsidy) incurred by state power utilities increased from Rs 197 220 million in 2003/04 to Rs 221 290 million in 2004/05. In view of the huge losses being incurred by the utilities, the tariff determination function forms a central part of the reform process. A comprehensive survey of tariff orders issued by these SERCs for the distribution licensees has been undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of regulatory orders in the electricity sector. It assesses whether the orders have resulted in reducing regulatory uncertainty and information asymmetry and better performance of the distribution utilities. However, tariff orders are only one index of the effectiveness of the regulatory commissions. It is recognized that there are many other important functions of the SERCs besides tariff-setting, and some of them have also been covered in this study. In addition, other documents available in the public domain, including the Power Sector Rating Report, prepared by the Ministry of Power, Annual Report on the Regulation in practice: impact of tariff orders on the Indian electricity sector Working of State Electricity Boards and Electricity Departments, 1 and the Report on Restructuring of APDRP (Accelerated Power Development and Reform Programme),2 were also studied.
আমাদের দেশে ইলেক্ট্রনিক্সে আগ্রহী অনেক ছেলে-মেয়ে রয়েছে। কিন্তু তাদের হাতের কাছে এ বিষয় সম্পর্কে তেমন কোন উদ্ভাবনী মূলক বই-পত্র নেই। তাদের সকলের কথা ভেবেই আমাদের বাংলাদেশের কিছু শ্রেষ্ঠ পুরস্কার প্রাপ্ত ক্ষুদে ইলেক্ট্রনিক্স প্রযুক্তিবিদ এবং ভারতের পশ্চিম বঙ্গের বিভিন্ন স্থানের শ্রেষ্ঠ ক্ষুদে ইলেক্ট্রনিক্স হবিষ্টদের কিছু বাছা বাছা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রজেক্ট দিয়ে এই বইটি সাজানাে হয়েছে। তাছাড়া যারা এ বিষয়ে অপেক্ষাকৃত নবীন তাদের সুবিধার জন্য এই বইটিকে দুটি অংশে ভাগ করা হয়েছে। প্রথম অংশে তাদের জন্য রয়েছে ইলেক্ট্রনিক্সএর প্রাথমিক কিছু কথা-বার্তা, ইলেক্ট্রনিক্সের নানা রকম যন্ত্রাংশের সঙ্গে সংক্ষিপ্ত পরিচয় ইত্যাদি । এবং বইয়ের দ্বিতীয় অংশে রয়েছে প্রায় ৬৫টির মতাে বিভিন্ন রকমের ইলেক্ট্রনিক্স প্রজেক্ট। এই প্রজেক্টগুলির কিছু কিছু সহজ ও কিছু কিছু একটু অপেক্ষাকৃত জটিল। সচিত্র সার্কিট ডায়াগ্রাম সহ সেগুলির বিবরণ ও উপকরণ তালিকা আকারে লেখা হয়েছে।
এই বইটি সম্পাদনা করতে আমাকে বিভিন্ন সময়ে বিভিন্নভাবে সাহায্য করছেন আমার স্নেহের অনুজ সুব্রত সাহা । যে নিজেও একজন ইলেক্ট্রনিক্স প্রযুক্তিবিদ। তাছাড়া এ বিষয়ে বিশেষজ্ঞ অনেকেই বিভিন্ন সময়ে বিভিন্ন প্রজেক্টগুলি পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা করে দেখেছেন। তাঁদের সকলের কাছে আমি চিরকৃতজ্ঞ। সবশেষে কৃতজ্ঞতা জানাই অনুপম প্রকাশনীর স্বত্ত্বাধিকারী শ্রী মিলন নাথ মহােদয়কে , যার ঐকান্তিক সাহায্য-সহযােগীতা ও অনুপ্রেরণা না পেলে এই বইটি বােধ হয় প্রকাশের মুখই দর্শন করতাে না। তাই তাকেও আমার পক্ষে থেকে জানাই অশেষ কৃতজ্ঞতা ও অভিনন্দন।
নির্দ্বিধায় বলা যায়, ইলেকট্রনিকস আধুনিক বিজ্ঞানের এক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ শাখা। টেলিভিশন, কম্পিউটার, রােবট বা যন্ত্রমানব-এর সবই বিস্ময়কর উদ্ভাবন ইলেকট্রনিকসেরই অবদান। বর্তমান ইলেকট্রনিকসের যে বিপুল উন্নতি ঘটেছে তার সব কিছু আয়ত্ত করে নেওয়া বিজ্ঞান না জানা সাধারণ মানুষের পক্ষে সম্ভবপর নয়। এ জন্য চাই দীর্ঘ দিনের একনিষ্ঠ অনুশীলন। বড় মাপের কোনাে ইলেকট্রনিকস যন্ত্রও গড়ে ওঠে ছােট ছােট কতকগুলাে প্রাথমিক সার্কিটের সমাবেশে। তবে প্রাথমিক সার্কিটগুলাের কার্যপদ্ধতি যে কেউ হাতেকলমে আয়ত্ত করে নিতে পারে বাড়িতে বসেই। প্রয়ােজনীয় সাজ-সরঞ্জাম সংগ্রহ করে যে কেউ বাড়িতে বসেই ইলেকট্রনিকসের অনেক মজাদার এবং চমকপ্রদ সার্কিট তৈরি করে তাদের ক্রিয়া কৌশল প্রত্যক্ষ করতে পারে। ফলে সহজেই তারা জটিলতর ইলেকট্রনিকস যন্ত্রপাতির কার্যপদ্ধতিও অনুধাবন করতে পারবে। ওই সব ছােটখাটো সার্কিটের সঙ্গে পরিচিত হলে তারা যে কেবল ইলেকট্রনিকস সম্পর্কে ব্যবহারিক অভিজ্ঞতাই লাভ করবে তা নয়, ইলেকট্রনিকসের বিস্ময়কর জগৎটিও তাদের চোখে ধরা দেবে।
চশমা সম্বন্ধে জানতে গেলে প্রথমে চোখ ও চোখের ক্রটি সম্বন্ধে জানা দরকার। চোখের বাইরের আবরণকে বলে সূক্লেরা (Sclers)। সক্লেরার সামনের অংশকে বলে অচ্ছেদপটল (Cornea)। অচ্ছেদপটলের ঠিক পিছনের অস্বচ্ছ পদার্থটাকে বলে কনীনিকা (Iris)। কনীনিকার মাঝখানে একটা ছােট ছিদ্র থাকে, একে বলে | তারারন্ধ্র (Pupil)। এর পিছনেই থাকে উভােত্তোল লেন্স (double convex lens)। অক্ষিগােলকের (Eye ball) পিছনের অংশকে বলে অক্ষিপট (Retina)। অচ্ছেদপটল ও লেন্সের মধ্যবর্তী স্থান এবং লেন্স ও চক্ষুগােলকের মধ্যবর্তীস্থানের মধ্যে যে জলীয় পদার্থ থাকে তাকে যথাক্রমে অ্যাকুয়াস হিউমার (Aqueous Humour) ও ভিট্রিয়াস টিউমার (vitreous Humon) বলা হয়।
